Inorganic Agents for Enhanced Angiogenesis of Orthopedic Biomaterials

Aseptic loosening of a permanent prosthesis remains one the most common reasons for bone implant failure. To improve fixation between and tissue as well enhance blood vessel formation, bioactive agents are incorporated into surface biomaterial. This study reviews compares five elements (copper, magnesium, silicon, strontium, zinc) with respect to their effect on angiogenic behavior endothelial cells (ECs) when biomaterials. Moreover, it provides an overview state-of-the-art methodologies used in vitro assessment properties these elements. Two databases searched using keywords containing ECs copper, zinc. After applying defined inclusion exclusion criteria, 59 articles retained final assessment. An methods potential is presented. The findings show that silicon strontium can effectively osseointegration through simultaneous promotion both angiogenesis osteogenesis. Therefore, integration onto biomaterials ultimately decrease incidence failure due aseptic loosening.